ÃÀÀöÓ¢ÎÄ:ÍÆ¿ªÉú»îÖ®ÃÅ-µÚ6ÕÂ
°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡û »ò ¡ú ¿É¿ìËÙÉÏÏ·ҳ£¬°´¼üÅÌÉ쵀 Enter ¼ü¿É»Øµ½±¾ÊéĿ¼ҳ£¬°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡ü ¿É»Øµ½±¾Ò³¶¥²¿£¡
¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ªÎ´ÔĶÁÍꣿ¼ÓÈëÊéÇ©ÒѱãÏ´μÌÐøÔĶÁ£¡
Å¿´ÁËÆðÀ´¡£
¡¡¡¡ÔÚÓëËûµÄ½»Ì¸ÖУ¬ÎÒ·¢ÏÖËûºÜС¾ÍÑø³ÉÁËÔÚ¿Ú´üÖзÅÒ»±¾ÐäÕäÊéµÄÏ°¹ß£¬ÐÝϢʱ¾ÍÄóöÀ´¿´¡£Ëû·¢ÏÖÌرðÊÇÔڵȺòµÄʱºò£¬ÓÐÒ»±¾ÊéÌرðÓÐÓã¬Ëü¿ÉÒÔÈÃÈ˵ÄÐÄÇéµÃµ½·ÅËÉ¡£ÎÒÃÇÿÌ춼ҪµÈ³Ô·¹¡¢µÈ×ø³µ¡¢µÈ¿´²¡¡¢µÈÀí·¢¡¢µÈµç»°¡¢µÈÔ¼»á¡¢µÈ±íÑÝ£¬»òÊǵȴýÆäËûÊÂÇéµÄ·¢Éú¡£ÔÚÕâЩʱ¼äÀËûÓÐÁËÊôÓÚ×Ô¼ºµÄÿÌìÔĶÁËùÐèµÄ15·ÖÖÓ£¬ÉõÖÁ¸ü¶à£¬Ò»ÄêËûÄܶÁ20±¾Ê飬һÉú¾ÍÊÇһǧ±¾Êé¡£
¡¡¡¡Ã»ÓÐʲôͨÓù«Ê½¡£Ã¿Ì죬ÎÒÃǶ¼±ØÐë·¢ÏÖ×Ô¼ºµÄ15·ÖÖÓ¡£×îºÃÊÇÓйæÂɵģ¬ÕâÑùËùÓÐÆäËûµÄ¶îÍâʱ¼ä¾Í»áÓÐÒâÍâµÄÊÕ»ñÁË¡£ÕÒµ½¶îÍâʱ¼ä¶ÁÊéµÄ»ú»áºÜ¶à£¬Ò²»áÓÐһЩÒâÍâ¸Ð¡£×òÍí£¬Ò»Î»ÅóÓѲ»Çë×Ôµ½£¬ÈËÊÖ¶àÁË£¬Îұ㲻ÄÜ´òÇÅÅÆ£¬¿ÉÊÇÎÒµÄÊֱ߸պÃÓÐÒ»±¾¼ò×°Ê飬¾¡¹ÜûÓдò³ÉÇÅÅÆ£¬¿ÉÊÇÎÒÒÀÈ»ºÜÓä¿ì¡£
¡¡¡¡Î¨Ò»ËùÐèµÄ¾ÍÊǶÁÊéµÄ¾öÐÄ¡£ÕâÑùÎÞÂÛ¶à棬Ä㶼¿ÉÒÔÕÒµ½Õâ15·ÖÖÓ¡£¶øÇÒ£¬ÊÖ±ßÒ»¶¨ÒªÓÐÒ»±¾Êé¡£¼ÈÈ»Õâ15·ÖÖÓÒѾ¿ªÊ¼£¬¾Í²»ÒªÀË·ÑÒ»Ãë¡£°ÑÊéÊÂÏÈ×¼±¸ºÃ£¬´©Ò·þµÄʱºî½«Ëü·Å½ø¿Ú´ü£¬´²Í··ÅÒ»±¾£¬Ô¡ÊÒ·ÅÒ»±¾£¬²Í×ÀÉÏÒ²Òª·ÅÒ»±¾¡£
¡¡¡¡ÕâÑùÄã¾Í²»»á¶ªÊ§Õâ15·ÖÖÓÁË£¬ÕâÒâζ×ÅÄãÒ»¸öÐÇÆÚ¾ÍÄܶÁ°ë±¾Ê飬һ¸öÔ¾ÍÄܶÁÁ½±¾£¬Ò»ÄêÄܶÁ20±¾£¬Ò»ÉúÄܶÁһǧ±¾£¬»òÕ߸ü¶à¡£Õâ¿ÉÊÇÒ»¸ö²©ÀÀȺÊéµÄ¼ò±ã°ì·¨¡£
¡¡¡¡Ã¦Ã¦ÂµÂµµÄÏÖ´úÈË£¬×ÜÊÇ¿àÓÚûÓÐʱ¼ä¶ÁÊé¡£ÏÖÔÚºÃÁË£¬ÕâƪÎÄÕÂΪÄãÌṩÁËÒ»Öֺ÷½·¨¡ª¡ªÃ¿ÌìÖ»Òª³é³ö15·ÖÖÓµÄʱ¼ä£¬ºÎ²»Ò»ÊÔÄØ£¿¶¨»áÈÃÄãÊÜÒæÖÕÉú¡£
¡¡¡¡How¡¡to¡¡Find¡¡Time¡¡to¡¡Read
¡¡¡¡Louis¡¡Shores
¡¡¡¡If¡¡you¡¡are¡¡an¡¡average¡¡reader¡¡you¡¡can¡¡read¡¡all¡¡average¡¡book¡¡at¡¡the¡¡rate¡¡of¡¡300¡¡words¡¡a¡¡minute¡£¡¡You¡¡cannot¡¡maintain¡¡that¡¡average£»¡¡however£»¡¡unless¡¡you¡¡read¡¡regularly¡¡every¡¡day¡£¡¡Nor¡¡can¡¡you¡¡attain¡¡that¡¡speed¡¡with¡¡hard¡¡books¡¡in¡¡science£»¡¡mathematics£»¡¡agriculture1£»¡¡business£»¡¡or¡¡any¡¡subject¡¡that¡¡is¡¡new¡¡or¡¡unfamiliar¡¡to¡¡you¡£¡¡The¡¡chances¡¡are¡¡you¡¡will¡¡never¡¡attempt¡¡that¡¡speed¡¡with¡¡poetry¡¡or¡¡want¡¡to¡¡race¡¡through¡¡some¡¡passages¡¡in¡¡fiction¡¡over¡¡which¡¡you¡¡wish¡¡to¡¡linger¡£¡¡But¡¡for¡¡most¡¡novels£»¡¡biographies£»¡¡and¡¡books¡¡about¡¡travel£»¡¡hobbies¡¡or¡¡personal¡¡interests£»¡¡if¡¡you¡¡are¡¡an¡¡average¡¡reader¡¡you¡¡should¡¡have¡¡no¡¡trouble¡¡at¡¡all¡¡absorbing¡¡meaning¡¡and¡¡pleasure¡¡out¡¡of¡¡300¡¡printed¡¡words¡¡every¡¡60¡¡seconds¡£txtµç×ÓÊé·ÖÏíƽ̨¡¡
ÈçºÎÕÒ³öʱ¼äÔĶÁ£¨3£©
Statistics¡¡are¡¡not¡¡always¡¡practicable£»¡¡but¡¡consider¡¡these£º¡¡If¡¡the¡¡average¡¡reader¡¡can¡¡read¡¡300¡¡words¡¡a¡¡minute¡¡of¡¡average¡¡reading£»¡¡then¡¡in¡¡15¡¡minutes¡¡he¡¡can¡¡read¡¡4£»500¡¡words¡£¡¡Multiplied¡¡by¡¡7£»¡¡the¡¡days¡¡of¡¡the¡¡week£»¡¡the¡¡product¡¡is¡¡31£»500¡£¡¡Another¡¡multiplication¡¡by¡¡4£»¡¡the¡¡weeks¡¡of¡¡the¡¡month£»¡¡makes¡¡126£»000¡£¡¡And¡¡final¡¡multiplication¡¡by¡¡12£»¡¡the¡¡months¡¡of¡¡the¡¡total¡¡number¡¡of¡¡words¡¡of¡¡average¡¡reading¡¡an¡¡average¡¡reader¡¡can¡¡do¡¡in¡¡just¡¡15¡¡minutes¡¡a¡¡day¡¡for¡¡one¡¡year¡£
¡¡¡¡Books¡¡vary¡¡in¡¡length¡¡from¡¡60£»000¡¡to¡¡100£»000¡¡words¡£¡¡The¡¡average¡¡is¡¡about¡¡75£»000¡¡words¡£¡¡In¡¡one¡¡year¡¡of¡¡average¡¡reading¡¡by¡¡an¡¡average¡¡reader¡¡for¡¡15¡¡minutes¡¡a¡¡day£»¡¡20¡¡books¡¡will¡¡be¡¡read¡£¡¡That¡¯s¡¡a¡¡lot¡¡of¡¡books¡£¡¡It¡¡is¡¡4¡¡times¡¡the¡¡number¡¡of¡¡books¡¡read¡¡by¡¡public¡library¡¡borrowers¡¡in¡¡America¡£¡¡And¡¡yet¡¡it¡¡is¡¡easily¡¡possible¡£
¡¡¡¡One¡¡of¡¡the¡¡greatest¡¡of¡¡all¡¡modern¡¡physicians¡¡was¡¡Sir¡¡William¡¡Osler¡£¡¡He¡¡taught¡¡at¡¡the¡¡Johns¡¡Hopkins¡¡Medical¡¡School¡£¡¡He¡¡finished¡¡his¡¡teaching¡¡days¡¡at¡¡McGil¡¡University¡£¡¡Many¡¡of¡¡the¡¡outstanding¡¡physicians2¡¡today¡¡were¡¡his¡¡students¡£¡¡Nearly¡¡all¡¡of¡¡the¡¡practicing¡¡doctors¡¡of¡¡today¡¡were¡¡brought¡¡up¡¡on¡¡his¡¡medical¡¡textbooks¡£¡¡Among¡¡his¡¡many¡¡remarkable¡¡contributions¡¡to¡¡medicine¡¡are¡¡his¡¡unpublished¡¡notes¡¡on¡¡how¡¡people¡¡die¡£
¡¡¡¡His¡¡greatness¡¡is¡¡attributed¡¡by¡¡his¡¡biographers¡¡and¡¡critics3¡¡not¡¡alone¡¡to¡¡his¡¡profound¡¡medical¡¡knowledge¡¡and¡¡insight¡¡but¡¡to¡¡his¡¡broad¡¡general¡¡education£»¡¡for¡¡he¡¡was¡¡a¡¡very¡¡cultured¡¡man¡£¡¡He¡¡was¡¡interested¡¡in¡¡what¡¡men¡¡have¡¡done¡¡and¡¡thought¡¡throughout¡¡the¡¡ages¡£¡¡And¡¡he¡¡knew¡¡that¡¡the¡¡only¡¡way¡¡to¡¡find¡¡out¡¡what¡¡the¡¡best¡¡experiences¡¡of¡¡the¡¡race¡¡had¡¡been¡¡was¡¡to¡¡read¡¡what¡¡people¡¡had¡¡written¡£¡¡But¡¡Osler¡¯s¡¡problem¡¡was¡¡the¡¡same¡¡as¡¡everyone¡¡else¡¯s£»¡¡only¡¡more¡¡so¡£¡¡He¡¡was¡¡a¡¡busy¡¡physician£»¡¡a¡¡teacher¡¡of¡¡physicians£»¡¡and¡¡a¡¡medical¡research¡¡specialist¡£¡¡There¡¡was¡¡no¡¡time¡¡in¡¡a¡¡24¡hour¡¡day¡¡that¡¡did¡¡not¡¡rightly¡¡belong¡¡to¡¡one¡¡of¡¡these¡¡three¡¡occupations£»¡¡except¡¡the¡¡few¡¡hours¡¡for¡¡sleep£»¡¡meals£»¡¡and¡¡bodily¡¡functions¡£
¡¡¡¡Osler¡¡arrived¡¡at¡¡his¡¡solution¡¡early¡£¡¡He¡¡would¡¡read¡¡the¡¡last¡¡15¡¡minutes¡¡before¡¡he¡¡went¡¡to¡¡sleep¡£¡¡If¡¡bedtime¡¡was¡¡set¡¡for¡¡11£º00¡¡£»¡¡he¡¡read¡¡from¡¡11£º00¡¡to¡¡11£º15¡£¡¡if¡¡research¡¡kept¡¡him¡¡up¡¡to¡¡2£º00¡¡£º00¡¡to¡¡2£º15¡£¡¡Over¡¡a¡¡very¡¡long¡¡lifetime£»¡¡Osler¡¡never¡¡broke¡¡the¡¡rule¡¡once¡¡he¡¡had¡¡established¡¡it¡£¡¡We¡¡have¡¡evidence¡¡that¡¡after¡¡a¡¡while¡¡he¡¡simply¡¡could¡¡not¡¡fall¡¡asleep¡¡until¡¡he¡¡had¡¡done¡¡his¡¡15¡¡minutes¡¡of¡¡reading¡£
¡¡¡¡In¡¡his¡¡lifetime£»¡¡Osler¡¡read¡¡a¡¡significant¡¡library¡¡of¡¡books¡£¡¡Just¡¡do¡¡a¡¡mental¡¡calculation¡¡for¡¡half¡¡a¡¡century¡¡of¡¡15¡minute¡¡reading¡¡periods¡¡daily¡¡and¡¡see¡¡how¡¡many¡¡books¡¡you¡¡get¡£¡¡Consider¡¡what¡¡a¡¡range¡¡of¡¡interests¡¡and¡¡variety¡¡of¡¡subjects¡¡are¡¡possible¡¡in¡¡one¡¡lifetime¡£¡¡Osler¡¡read¡¡widely¡¡outside¡¡of¡¡his¡¡medical¡¡specialty¡£¡¡Indeed£»¡¡he¡¡developed¡¡from¡¡this¡¡15¡minute¡¡reading¡¡habit¡¡an¡¡avocational¡¡specialty¡¡to¡¡balance¡¡his¡¡vocational¡¡specialization¡£¡¡Among¡¡scholars¡¡in¡¡English¡¡literature£»¡¡Osler¡¡is¡¡known¡¡as¡¡an¡¡authority¡¡on¡¡Sir¡¡Thomas¡¡Browne£»¡¡seventeenth¡¡century¡¡English¡¡prose¡¡master¡¡and¡¡Osler¡¯s¡¡library¡¡on¡¡Sir¡¡Thomas¡¡is¡¡considered¡¡one¡¡of¡¡the¡¡best¡¡anywhere¡£¡¡A¡¡great¡¡many¡¡more¡¡things¡¡could¡¡be¡¡said¡¡about¡¡Osler¡¯s¡¡contribution¡¡to¡¡medical¡¡research£»¡¡to¡¡the¡¡reform¡¡of¡¡medical¡¡teaching£»¡¡to¡¡the¡¡introduction¡¡of¡¡modern¡¡clinical¡¡methods¡£¡¡But¡¡the¡¡important¡¡point¡¡for¡¡us¡¡here¡¡is¡¡that¡¡he¡¡answered¡¡supremely¡¡well¡¡for¡¡himself¡¡the¡¡question¡¡all¡¡of¡¡us¡¡who¡¡live¡¡a¡¡busy¡¡life¡¡must¡¡answer£º¡¡How¡¡can¡¡I¡¡find¡¡time¡¡to¡¡read£¿
ÈçºÎÕÒ³öʱ¼äÔĶÁ£¨4£©
The¡¡answer¡¡may¡¡not¡¡be¡¡the¡¡last¡¡15¡¡minutes¡¡before¡¡I¡¡go¡¡to¡¡sleep¡£¡¡It¡¡may¡¡be¡¡15¡¡minutes¡¡a¡¡day¡¡at¡¡some¡¡other¡¡time¡£¡¡In¡¡the¡¡busiest¡¡of¡¡calendars¡¡there¡¡is¡¡probably¡¡more¡¡than¡¡one¡¡15¡minute¡¡period¡¡tucked¡¡away¡¡somewhere¡¡still¡¡unassigned¡£¡¡I¡¯ve¡¡seen¡¡some¡¡curious¡¡solutidns¡¡to¡¡the¡¡problem¡¡of¡¡finding¡¡time¡¡for¡¡reading¡£
¡¡¡¡During¡¡army¡¡days¡¡in¡¡the¡¡last¡¡year¡¡of¡¡the¡¡war£»¡¡I¡¡discovered¡¡a¡¡Pfc¡£¡¡in¡¡my¡¡squadron¡¡who¡¡seemed¡¡unusually¡¡well¡¡read¡£¡¡I¡¡found¡¡in¡¡his¡¡201¡¡file¡¡a¡¡remarkable¡¡civilian¡¡and¡¡military¡¡biography¡£¡¡His¡¡four¡¡years¡¡of¡¡service¡¡included¡¡two¡¡overseas£»¡¡all¡¡meritorious¡¡but¡¡without¡¡heroics¡£¡¡Had¡¡all¡¡of¡¡his¡¡remendations4¡¡for¡¡promotion¡¡gone¡¡through¡¡he¡¡would¡¡have¡¡had¡¡not¡¡only¡¡his¡¡mission£»¡¡but¡¡probably¡¡the¡¡rank¡¡of¡¡captain¡£¡¡But¡¡here¡¡he¡¡was£»¡¡still¡¡a¡¡private¡¡first¡class¡ªbecause¡¡despite¡¡the¡¡military¡¡emphasis¡¡on¡¡education£»¡¡efficiency£»¡¡loyalty£»¡¡and¡¡all¡¡other¡¡criteria¡¡for¡¡determining¡¡promotion£»¡¡accident¡¡plays¡¡a¡¡most¡¡important¡¡part¡£¡¡Every¡¡time¡¡this¡¡Pfc¡£¡¡had¡¡been¡¡remended¡¡for¡¡promotion£»¡¡except¡¡once£»¡¡he¡¡had¡¡been¡¡transferred¡¡or¡¡e¡¡up¡¡against¡¡tablel¡¡of¡¡organization¡¡limitatious£»¡¡or¡¡a¡¡new¡¡change¡¡in¡¡regulations£»¡¡or¡¡a¡¡superior¡¡officer¡¡who¡¡had¡¡filled¡¡out¡¡the¡¡forms¡¡incorrectly¡¡or¡¡forgotten¡¡them¡¡in¡¡his¡¡third¡¡right¡hand¡¡drawer¡£¡¡And¡¡so¡¡he¡¡had¡¡remained¡¡a¡¡Pfc£»¡¡and¡¡had¡¡taken¡¡his¡¡reward¡¡in¡¡reading¡£¡¡The¡¡amount¡¡he¡¡did¡¡in¡¡the¡¡army¡¡was¡¡prodigious¡£
¡¡¡¡I¡¡was¡¡curious¡¡about¡¡his¡¡method¡£¡¡And¡¡one¡¡day£»¡¡before¡¡I¡¡asked¡¡him¡£¡¡I¡¡found¡¡a¡¡partial¡¡answer¡£¡¡Every¡¡day¡¡the¡¡enlisted¡¡men¡¡put¡¡in¡¡an¡¡hour¡¡of¡¡drill¡¡and¡¡formations¡£¡¡During¡¡that¡¡time¡¡at¡¡least¡¡one¡¡fairly¡¡long¡¡period¡¡of¡¡rest¡¡was¡¡called¡£¡¡Imagine¡¡my¡¡surprise¡¡on¡¡my¡¡first¡¡visit¡¡to¡¡the¡¡drill¡¡field¡¡when£»¡¡at¡¡the¡¡mand¡¡¡°rest£¡¡±¡¡I¡¡saw¡¡one¡¡man¡¡in¡¡the¡¡whole¡¡long¡¡line¡¡pull¡¡out¡¡a¡¡paper¡¡pocket¡¡book¡¡and¡¡begin¡¡to¡¡read£»¡¡standing¡¡up¡£
¡¡¡¡When¡¡I¡¡talked¡¡with¡¡him£»¡¡I¡¡found¡¡that¡¡from¡¡boyhood¡¡he¡¡had¡¡developed¡¡the¡¡habit¡¡of¡¡carrying¡¡a¡¡little¡¡book¡¡in¡¡his¡¡pocket¡¡from¡¡which¡¡he¡¡read¡¡every¡¡minute¡¡he¡¡was¡¡not¡¡doing¡¡something¡¡else¡£¡¡He¡¡found¡¡a¡¡book¡¡especially¡¡useful¡¡and¡¡relaxing¡¡during¡¡the¡¡periods¡¡of¡¡waiting¡¡which¡¡all¡¡of¡¡us¡¡experience¡¡daily¡ªwaiting¡¡for¡¡meals£»¡¡buses£»¡¡doctors£»¡¡hair¡¡cuts£»¡¡telephone¡¡calls£»¡¡dates£»¡¡performances¡¡to¡¡begin£»¡¡or¡¡something¡¡to¡¡happen¡£¡¡There¡¡were¡¡his¡¡15¡¡minutes¡¡a¡¡day£»¡¡or¡¡more¡£¡¡There¡¡were¡¡his¡¡20¡¡books¡¡a¡¡year¡ª1£»000¡¡in¡¡a¡¡lifetime¡£
¡¡¡¡No¡¡universal¡¡formula¡¡can¡¡be¡¡prescribed¡£¡¡Each¡¡of¡¡us¡¡must¡¡find¡¡our¡¡own¡¡15¡minute¡¡period¡¡each¡¡day¡£¡¡It¡¡is¡¡better¡¡if¡¡it¡¡is¡¡regular¡£¡¡Then¡¡all¡¡additional¡¡spare¡¡minutes¡¡are¡¡so¡¡many¡¡bonuses¡£¡¡And£»¡¡believe¡¡me£»¡¡the¡¡opportunity¡¡for¡¡reading¡bonuses¡¡are¡¡many¡¡and¡¡unexpected¡£¡¡Last¡¡night¡¡an¡¡uninvited¡¡guest¡¡turned¡¡up¡¡to¡¡make¡¡five¡¡for¡¡bridge¡£¡¡I¡¡had¡¡the¡¡kind¡¡of¡¡paper¡¡book¡¡at¡¡hand¡¡to¡¡make¡¡being¡¡the¡¡fifth¡¡at¡¡bridge¡¡a¡¡joy¡£
¡¡¡¡The¡¡only¡¡requirement¡¡is¡¡the¡¡will¡¡to¡¡read¡£¡¡With¡¡it¡¡you¡¡can¡¡find¡¡the¡¡15¡¡minutes¡¡no¡¡matter¡¡how¡¡busy¡¡the¡¡day¡£¡¡And¡¡you¡¡must¡¡have¡¡the¡¡book¡¡at¡¡hand¡£¡¡Not¡¡even¡¡seconds¡¡of¡¡your¡¡15¡¡minutes¡¡must¡¡be¡¡wasted¡¡starting¡¡to¡¡read¡£¡¡Set¡¡that¡¡book¡¡out¡¡in¡¡advance¡£¡¡Put¡¡it¡¡into¡¡your¡¡pocket¡¡when¡¡you¡¡dress¡£¡¡Put¡¡another¡¡book¡¡beside¡¡your¡¡bed¡£¡¡Place¡¡one¡¡in¡¡your¡¡bathroom¡£¡¡Keep¡¡one¡¡near¡¡your¡¡dining¡¡table¡£
¡¡¡¡You¡¡c